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Information on Brake-By-Wire (BBW) Brake Control Systems

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
AIR5372
A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.
Standard

Design and Testing of Antiskid Brake Control Systems for Total Aircraft Compatibility

2013-04-22
HISTORICAL
ARP1070C
This document recommends minimum requirements for antiskid brake control to provide total aircraft systems compatibility. Design and operational goals, general theory, and functions, which should be considered by the aircraft brake system engineer to attain the most effective skid control performance, are covered in detail. Methods of determining and evaluating antiskid system performance are discussed. While this document specifically addresses antiskid systems which are a part of a hydraulically actuated brake system, the recommended practices are equally applicable to brakes actuated by other means, such as electrically actuated brakes.
Standard

Test Method for Catalytic Carbon Brake Disk Oxidation

2013-03-11
WIP
AIR5567B
The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating envirnoment.
Standard

Skid Control System Vibration Survey

2012-09-05
CURRENT
AIR764D
This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.
Standard

USAF Aircraft Wheels

2012-07-19
CURRENT
AIR4012C
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) documents general technical data associated with many of the wheels used in the Air Force.
Standard

Minimum Performance Recommendations for Part 23, 27, and 29 Aircraft Wheels, Brakes, and Wheel and Brake Assemblies

2012-07-19
CURRENT
ARP5381A
This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.
Standard

Minimum Performance Requirements for Transport Airplane Wheel and Brake Assemblies Using Electric Power Actuation

2012-07-11
CURRENT
AS5663A
In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.
Standard

Replacement and Modified Brakes and Wheels

2012-05-16
HISTORICAL
ARP1619A
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety, performance, and airplane compatibility of the originally certified commercial and military aircraft. Successful demonstration also includes confirmation that no adverse failure modes are introduced. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as certification of an alternate supplier.
Standard

Aircraft Brake Temperature Monitor Systems (BTMS)

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AS1145B
This specification covers minimum requirements for brake temperature monitoring equipment whenever used on any type and model of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.
Standard

Carbon Brake Contamination

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AIR5490
This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide recommendations for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.
Standard

Minimum Performance Requirements for Transport Airplane Wheel and Brake Assemblies Using Electric Power Actuation

2012-05-09
HISTORICAL
AS5663
In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.
Standard

Wheel and Brake (Sand and Permanent Mold) Castings - Minimum Requirements for Aircraft Applications

2011-01-06
CURRENT
AS586C
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) sets forth the minimum quality required for aircraft wheel and brake castings. Its use will establish minimum acceptable requirements for internal structure and surface conditions and is predicated on the use of a casting factor for the ultimate load of more than 1.51 through 2.00. When casting factors of 1.25 through 1.50 are used, visual, penetrant, and radiographic or other approved equivalent nondestructive inspection methods shall all be required on each production casting. Where specific parts, or areas of parts, require a quality level exceeding that described by this document, the requirements shall be established by negotiation between the purchaser and vendor.
Standard

Wheel Roll on Rim Criteria for Aircraft Application

2010-06-25
HISTORICAL
ARP1786B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to provide a recommended minimum laboratory roll performance for main landing gear aircraft wheels without tires installed and applies to both split wheel hub and lock-ring wheel designs.
Standard

Maintainability Recommendations for Aircraft Wheel and Brake Design

2010-06-25
HISTORICAL
ARP813B
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.
Standard

Information on Antiskid Systems

2010-01-20
HISTORICAL
AIR1739A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.
Standard

Test Method for Catalytic Carbon Brake Disk Oxidation

2009-05-13
HISTORICAL
AIR5567
The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating envirnoment.
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